UK consumer law and the CMA
Any business selling to UK consumers. The unfair commercial practices rules in the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act apply to practices from 6 April 2025, and the CMA now decides for itself whether consumer law has been infringed rather than litigating first, with penalties of up to 10% of global turnover, or £300,000 if that is greater, and the power to direct redress to consumers.
- What it requires of an agent
- The unfair commercial practices rules do not care who wrote the words. Product information must not mislead by action or by omission. The total price including mandatory fees has to be presented up front rather than assembled during checkout. Fake or incentivised reviews presented as genuine are a banned practice, with a duty to take reasonable steps to stop them appearing. Anything an agent generates that reaches a customer is a commercial practice by the trader, and the trader owns it.
- Where programmes fall down
- A description-generation agent infers an attribute the product does not have. It reads fluently, it is plausible, and it is a misleading action. Review summarisation blends incentivised reviews into an average nobody can defend. A promotion or pricing agent produces a display that separates a mandatory fee from the headline price. In every case the control that would have caught it, a person reading the output before it shipped, is exactly the control the automation removed.
- What our method does about it
- Any generated output making a factual claim about a product is grounded in a field in a system of record, and anything the model asserts that cannot be matched to one is held for a human, not published. We test the claim path rather than the tone, because tone is what everyone reviews and claims are what gets enforced. Pricing and promotion agents sit behind a rules layer they cannot talk their way around.
Where our evidence stops: We are not consumer law advisers, and the line between acceptable puffery and a misleading claim is a judgement your legal team makes. What we build is the mechanism that lets them make it once and have it hold at volume.

